My 4 great grandfather , Caesar Fanning , was a Paper Stainer with residence in Cork where he was born in 1748. Paper Staining was a licensed trade for the production of printed wall paper that became popular in the 18th century. Prior to that printed wall paper was only affordable to the wealthy having been imported from France and China in particular. With the early Paper Stainers setting up buisness in London , the trade spread throughout Britain and Ireland. Printing was done by hand using carved wooden blocks on sheets of paper to create patterns and colour combinations with firms also often providing a hanging service for their customers. Until 1836 each paper sheet was subject to tax. This traditional trade was eventually rendered obsolete by the introduction of mechanical printing machines using engraved metal plates on long paper rolls in the mid-19th century.
Caesar Fanning's business survived for 70 odd years from approx 1770 to 1850 , in later years also offering house painting in addition to paper staining , with at least two family generations carrying on the business. A notice placed in the Cork Evening Post of 30th April 1773 by Caesar Fanning advertises his " Stamp'd paper manufactory on the Mall ". The Council Book of the Corporation of Cork (1610-1800) has the following reference : " Caesar Fanning , paper stainer , paid by the corporation for supplying paper for the mansion house , January 8th 1778 ". O'Kief , Cosh Mainge's transcripts of Registry of Deeds , baronies of Duhallow and Muskerry , Co. Cork (1708-1860) records " 857/22 , Edmund Sullivan of Greenfield , Co. Cork , sells to Caesar Fanning of Cork City , paper stainer , the half ploughland of South Rathleigh in Muskerry , 9th March 1830 ". Holden's Triennial Directory , 4th edition , covering 1805 - 1807 lists " Fanning Caesar , stained paper manufacturer , Patrick Street ". The Cork Directory by W. West for 1809 - 1810 under " Gentry - Merchants - Traders " shows " Fanning C. Paper-hanging manufacturer , Patrick Street ". A late reference to the business is in Aldwell's General Post Office Directory for Cork City 1845 which lists " Fanning John and Caesar Paper Stainers and House Painters , 23 Patrick Street ". The last reference I can find for the business is in Griffith's Valuation of 1852 which states that John and Caesar Fanning hold offices and a yard at 12 Morgan Street , Cork , as tenants as well as a house and yard at 23 Patrick Street as tenants. The John and Caesar referenced from 1845 are likely sons of Caesar Fanning senior who carried on the business.